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Millipedes, myriapods of the class Diplopoda, contain approximately 12,000 described species organized into 16 extant orders and approximately 140 families. This list is based on Shear, 2011, [1] sorted alphabetically by order and taxonomically within order. Note: The names of millipede orders end in "-ida"; suborders end in "-idea".
Approximately 12,000 millipede species have been described. Estimates of the true number of species on earth range from 15,000 [8] to as high as 80,000. [9] Few species of millipede are at all widespread; they have very poor dispersal abilities, depending as they do on terrestrial locomotion and humid habitats.
MilliBase is an online taxonomic database of all species of class Diplopoda, commonly referred to as millipedes. It is supported by the National Science Foundation, The Field Museum, and LifeWatch Belgium. As of January 2024, 13,626 accepted species are included. [1]
Polydesmida (from the Greek poly "many" and desmos "bond") is the largest order of millipedes, with more than 5,000 species, [2] [3] including all the millipedes reported to produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN). [4] This order is also the most diverse of the millipede orders in terms of morphology. [5]
Narceus americanus is a large millipede of eastern North America. Common names include American giant millipede, [1] worm millipede, and iron worm. [2] It inhabits the eastern seaboard of North America west to Georgetown, Texas, north of the Ottine wetlands. [3] It has a nearly cylindrical gray body, reaching a length of 4 inches (100 mm). [4]
T. whitei is an eyeless, white (unpigmented) millipede. In common with all trichopetalids, it has rows of very elongate segmental setae extending in rows along the dorsal side. Proper identification requires microscopic examination and dissection of the gonopods (copulatory apparatus) by a specialist skilled in millipede identification.
Julidae is a family of millipedes in the order Julida, containing more than 600 species in around 20 genera. [2] Its members are largely confined to the Western Palaearctic, with only a few species extending into the Oriental and Afrotropical realms. [2]
Spirostreptida is an order of long, cylindrical millipedes. There are approximately 1000 described species, [1] making Spirostreptida the third largest order of millipedes after Polydesmida and Chordeumatida.