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  2. Well kill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well_kill

    The reservoir fluids should be able to flow to surface, displacing the gas. The cheapest way to do it is similar to bullheading, where the light fluid (nitrogen, or low-density liquid) is pumped in under high pressure to force the kill fluid into the reservoir. This, of course, runs a high risk of causing well damage.

  3. Oil well control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_well_control

    The general idea in well kill procedure is to circulate out any formation fluid already in the wellbore during kick, and then circulate a satisfactory weight of kill mud called Kill Weight Mud (KWM) into the well without allowing further fluid into the hole. If this can be done, then once the kill mud has been fully circulated around the well ...

  4. Well control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well_control

    If the fluid in the annulus is heavier, it will exert more pressure downward and will flow into the string, pushing some of the lighter fluid out of the string, causing a flow at the surface. The fluid level then falls in the annulus, equalizing pressures. Given a difference in the hydrostatic pressures, the fluid will try to reach a balanced ...

  5. Completion (oil and gas wells) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completion_(oil_and_gas_wells)

    Casing and tubing flow: means that there is tubing within the casing that allows fluid to reach the surface. This tubing can be used as a kill string for chemical injection. The tubing may have a “no-go” nipple at the end as a means of pressure testing. Pumping flow: the tubing and pump are run to a depth beneath the working fluid. The pump ...

  6. Blowout (well drilling) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowout_(well_drilling)

    The first response to detecting a kick would be to isolate the wellbore from the surface by activating the blow-out preventers and closing in the well. Then the drilling crew would attempt to circulate in a heavier kill fluid to increase the hydrostatic pressure (sometimes with the assistance of a well control company). In the process, the ...

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  8. Effluent decontamination system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effluent_Decontamination...

    Once all the effluent has been heated to at least 121 °C for at least 30 minutes, all biologically hazardous material within the kill tank will have been sterilised. [6] At this point, the tank may be emptied by gravity or by fluid displacement.

  9. Discharge coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discharge_coefficient

    In a nozzle or other constriction, the discharge coefficient (also known as coefficient of discharge or efflux coefficient) is the ratio of the actual discharge to the ideal discharge, [1] i.e., the ratio of the mass flow rate at the discharge end of the nozzle to that of an ideal nozzle which expands an identical working fluid from the same initial conditions to the same exit pressures.