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The unbound or free fraction of levocetirizine has been reported to be 8%. [1] The true volume of distribution of cetirizine is unknown but is estimated to be 0.3 to 0.45 L/kg. [3] [1] Cetirizine poorly and slowly crosses the blood–brain barrier, which is thought to be due to its chemical properties and its activity as a P-glycoprotein substrate.
Antihistamines that target the histamine H 1 -receptor are used to treat allergic reactions in the nose (e.g., itching, runny nose, and sneezing). In addition, they may be used to treat insomnia, motion sickness, or vertigo caused by problems with the inner ear. H 2 -antihistamines bind to histamine H 2 receptors in the upper gastrointestinal ...
Cyproheptadine is a very potent antihistamine or inverse agonist of the H 1 receptor. At higher concentrations, it also has anticholinergic, antiserotonergic, and antidopaminergic activities. Of the serotonin receptors, it is an especially potent antagonist of the 5-HT 2 receptors.
Bilastine is an antihistamine medication used to treat hives (), allergic rhinitis and itchy inflamed eyes (allergic conjunctivitis) caused by an allergy. [6] It is a second-generation antihistamine and takes effect by selectively inhibiting the histamine H 1 receptor, preventing these allergic reactions. [7]
1. antagonist. H1 antagonists, also called H1 blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the H 1 receptor, helping to relieve allergic reactions. Agents where the main therapeutic effect is mediated by negative modulation of histamine receptors are termed antihistamines; other agents may have antihistaminergic ...
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants. TCAs were discovered in the early 1950s and were marketed later in the decade. [1] They are named after their chemical structure, which contains three rings of atoms. Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs), which contain four rings of atoms, are ...
From ‘The Perfect Couple’ to ‘Wicked,’ there’s a book-to-screen adaptation you're sure to love
Loratadine, sold under the brand name Claritin among others, is a medication used to treat allergies. [ 5 ] This includes allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and hives. [ 5 ] It is also available in drug combinations such as loratadine/pseudoephedrine, in which it is combined with pseudoephedrine, a nasal decongestant. [ 5 ] It is taken orally.