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Wilhelm Wundt. Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (/ wʊnt /; German: [vʊnt]; 16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physiologist, philosopher, and professor, one of the fathers of modern psychology. Wundt, who distinguished psychology as a science from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist. [1]
Edward B. Titchener is credited for the theory of structuralism. It is considered to be the first "school" of psychology. [3] [4] Because he was a student of Wilhelm Wundt at the University of Leipzig, Titchener's ideas on how the mind worked were heavily influenced by Wundt's theory of voluntarism and his ideas of association and apperception (the passive and active combinations of elements ...
Wundt believed that instead, these factors are seen as the brain's subjective reactions to external stimuli that enter into our sensory systems. This is the concept of creative synthesis. [1] This theory shifted towards the emphasis on principles concerned with emotion, motivation, and volition as it had matured. [2]
Völkerpsychologie is a method of psychology that was founded in the nineteenth century by the famous psychologist, [1] Wilhelm Wundt. However, the term was first coined by post- Hegelian social philosophers Heymann Steinthal and Moritz Lazarus. [2] Wundt is widely known for his work with experimental psychology.
It emerged in the early twentieth century in Austria and Germany as a rejection of basic principles of Wilhelm Wundt's and Edward Titchener's elementalist and structuralist psychology. [1] [2] [3] Gestalt psychology is often associated with the adage, "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts".
Introspection is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings. [1] In psychology, the process of introspection relies on the observation of one's mental state, while in a spiritual context it may refer to the examination of one's soul. [2] Introspection is closely related to human self-reflection and self-discovery and is ...
Functional psychology. Functional psychology or functionalism refers to a psychological school of thought that was a direct outgrowth of Darwinian thinking which focuses attention on the utility and purpose of behavior that has been modified over years of human existence. [1] Edward L. Thorndike, best known for his experiments with trial-and ...
Weber's and Fechner's work formed one of the bases of psychology as a science, with Wilhelm Wundt founding the first laboratory for psychological research in Leipzig (Institut für experimentelle Psychologie). Fechner's work systematised the introspectionist approach (psychology as the science of consciousness), that had to contend with the ...