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The cosmic distance ladder (also known as the extragalactic distance scale) is the succession of methods by which astronomers determine the distances to celestial objects. A direct distance measurement of an astronomical object is possible only for those objects that are "close enough" (within about a thousand parsecs) to Earth.
Relative masses of the Solar planets. Jupiter at 71% of the total and Saturn at 21% dominate the system. Relative masses of the solid bodies of the Solar System. Earth at 48% and Venus at 39% dominate. Bodies less massive than Pluto are not visible at this scale. Relative masses of the rounded moons of the Solar System.
The Antikythera mechanism (/ ˌæntɪkɪˈθɪərə / AN-tik-ih-THEER-ə, US also / ˌæntaɪkɪˈ -/ AN-ty-kih-) [1][2] is an Ancient Greek hand-powered orrery (model of the Solar System). It is the oldest known example of an analogue computer [3][4][5] used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses decades in advance. [6][7][8] It could ...
Orrery. A small orrery showing Earth and the inner planets. An orrery is a mechanical model of the Solar System that illustrates or predicts the relative positions and motions of the planets and moons, usually according to the heliocentric model. It may also represent the relative sizes of these bodies; however, since accurate scaling is often ...
A numerical model of the Solar System is a set of mathematical equations, which, when solved, give the approximate positions of the planets as a function of time. Attempts to create such a model established the more general field of celestial mechanics. The results of this simulation can be compared with past measurements to check for accuracy ...
Historical models of the Solar System. Approximate sizes of the planets relative to each other. Outward from the Sun, the planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Jupiter's diameter is about 11 times that of the Earth's and the Sun's diameter is about 10 times Jupiter's.
The apparent size of the Sun and the Moon in the sky. The size of the Earth's shadow in relation to the Moon during a lunar eclipse; The angle between the Sun and Moon during a half moon is 90°. The rest of the article details a reconstruction of Aristarchus' method and results. [4] The reconstruction uses the following variables:
Titius–Bode law. The Titius–Bode law (sometimes termed simply Bode's law) is a formulaic prediction of spacing between planets in any given planetary system. The formula suggests that, extending outward, each planet should be approximately twice as far from the Sun as the one before. The hypothesis correctly anticipated the orbits of Ceres ...
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