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Mathematics. Number theory (or arithmetic or higher arithmetic in older usage) is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic functions. German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics." [1]
Algebraic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses the techniques of abstract algebra to study the integers, rational numbers, and their generalizations. Number-theoretic questions are expressed in terms of properties of algebraic objects such as algebraic number fields and their rings of integers, finite fields, and function fields.
Analytic number theory. Riemann zeta function ζ (s) in the complex plane. The color of a point s encodes the value of ζ (s): colors close to black denote values close to zero, while hue encodes the value's argument. In mathematics, analytic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses methods from mathematical analysis to solve ...
Number Theory: An Approach Through History from Hammurapi to Legendre is a book on the history of number theory, written by André Weil and published in 1984. [1]The book reviews over three millennia of research on numbers but the key focus is on mathematicians from the 17th century to the 19th, in particular, on the works of the mathematicians Fermat, Euler, Lagrange, and Legendre paved the ...
Pisot–Vijayaraghavan number. Salem number. Transcendental number. e (mathematical constant) pi, list of topics related to pi. Squaring the circle. Proof that e is irrational. Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem. Hilbert's seventh problem.
Basic Number Theory is an influential book [1] by André Weil, an exposition of algebraic number theory and class field theory with particular emphasis on valuation-theoretic methods. Based in part on a course taught at Princeton University in 1961–62, it appeared as Volume 144 in Springer's Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften ...
Computational number theory. In mathematics and computer science, computational number theory, also known as algorithmic number theory, is the study of computational methods for investigating and solving problems in number theory and arithmetic geometry, including algorithms for primality testing and integer factorization, finding solutions to ...
Although it is the only paper Riemann ever published on number theory, it contains ideas which influenced thousands of researchers during the late 19th century and up to the present day. The paper consists primarily of definitions , heuristic arguments , sketches of proofs , and the application of powerful analytic methods; all of these have ...