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  2. Red Shirts (United States) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)

    Hamburg massacre. Wilmington insurrection of 1898. The Red Shirts or Redshirts of the Southern United States were white supremacist [1][2][3] paramilitary terrorist groups that were active in the late 19th century in the last years of, and after the end of, the Reconstruction era of the United States. Red Shirt groups originated in Mississippi ...

  3. Hamburg massacre - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg_massacre

    1 dead. 6 dead. The Hamburg Massacre (or Red Shirt Massacre or Hamburg riot) was a riot in the United States town of Hamburg, South Carolina, in July 1876, leading up to the last election season of the Reconstruction Era. It was the first of a series of civil disturbances planned and carried out by white Democrats in the majority-black ...

  4. Redshirts (Italy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshirts_(Italy)

    The name derived from the colour of their shirts or loose-fitting blouses that the volunteers, usually called Garibaldini, wore in lieu of a uniform. The force originated as the Italian Legion supporting the Colorado Party during the Uruguayan Civil War. The story is that Garibaldi was given red shirts destined for slaughterhouse workers.

  5. Redeemers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redeemers

    The Redeemers were a political coalition in the Southern United States during the Reconstruction Era that followed the American Civil War. Redeemers were the Southern wing of the Democratic Party. They sought to regain their political power and enforce white supremacy. Their policy of Redemption was intended to oust the Radical Republicans, a ...

  6. White League - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_League

    The White League, also known as the White Man's League, [2] [3] was a white supremacist paramilitary terrorist organization started in the Southern United States in 1874 to intimidate freedmen (emancipated Black former slaves) into not voting and prevent Republican Party political organizing, while also being supported by regional elements of the Democratic Party.

  7. Waving the bloody shirt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waving_the_bloody_shirt

    Puck cartoon ridiculing Republican Senator John Sherman for his use of "bloody shirt" memories of the Civil War. "Waving the bloody shirt" and "bloody shirt campaign" were pejorative phrases, used during American election campaigns during the Reconstruction era, to deride opposing politicians who made emotional calls to avenge the blood of soldiers that died in the Civil War.

  8. South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina_civil...

    The South Carolina civil disturbances of 1876 were a series of race riots and civil unrest related to the Democratic Party 's political campaign to take back control from Republicans of the state legislature and governor's office through their paramilitary Red Shirts division. Part of their plan was to disrupt Republican political activity and ...

  9. Blackshirts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackshirts

    History. Blackshirts with Benito Mussolini during the March on Rome, 28 October 1922. Parade of the Blackshirts on Corso Libertà in Bolzano, c. 1930. Blackshirts on Piazza di Siena [it] in Rome, 1936. The Blackshirts were established as the Squadrismo in 1919 and consisted of many disgruntled former soldiers.