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A year of Axis gains from Case Blue had been wiped out. The Sixth Army of Germany had ceased to exist, and the forces of Germany's European allies, except Finland, had been shattered. [323] In a speech on 9 November 1944, Hitler himself blamed Stalingrad for Germany's impending doom. [324]
The aerial assault on Stalingrad was the most concentrated on the Ostfront according to Beevor, [1] and was the single most intense aerial bombardment on the Eastern Front at that point. [2] The destruction was monumental and complete, turning Stalingrad into a sea of fire and killing thousands of civilians and soldiers.
Operation Koltso (Operation Ring) was the last part of the Battle of Stalingrad. It resulted in the capitulation of the remaining Axis forces encircled in the city. The operation was likely the largest-scale economy-of-force offensive ever conducted in military history. [5]
Operation Uranus (Russian: Опера́ция «Ура́н», romanized: Operatsiya "Uran") was a Soviet 19–23 November 1942 strategic operation on the Eastern Front of World War II which led to the encirclement of Axis forces in the vicinity of Stalingrad: the German Sixth Army, the Third and Fourth Romanian armies, and portions of the German Fourth Panzer Army.
Historians have debated whether Stalin was planning an invasion of German territory in the summer of 1941. The debate began in the late 1980s when Viktor Suvorov published a journal article and later the book Icebreaker in which he claimed that Stalin had seen the outbreak of war in Western Europe as an opportunity to spread communist revolutions throughout the continent, and that the Soviet ...
The European theatre of World War II was one of the two main theatres of combat [nb 18] during World War II, taking place from September 1939 to May 1945.The Allied powers (including the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and France) fought the Axis powers (including Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy) on both sides of the continent in the Western and Eastern fronts.
Operation Barbarossa [g] was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and several of its European Axis allies starting on 22 June 1941, during World War II. More than 3.8 million Axis troops invaded the western Soviet Union along a 2,900-kilometer (1,800 mi) front, with the main goal of capturing territory up to a line between ...
As the Red Army pursued the 4th Panzer Army toward the Aksai River and broke through the German defense on the banks of the Chir River, it also began to prepare for Operation Ring—the reduction of the forces in Stalingrad. [94] German forces in Stalingrad soon began to run out of supplies, with horse meat used to supplement diets. [95]