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Monoamine oxidase A, also known as MAO-A, is an enzyme (E.C. 1.4.3.4) that in humans is encoded by the MAOA gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This gene is one of two neighboring gene family members that encode mitochondrial enzymes which catalyze the oxidative deamination of amines , such as norepinephrine , serotonin and tyramine .
Monoamine oxidase A and B share roughly 70% of their structure and both have substrate binding sites that are predominantly hydrophobic. Two tyrosine residues (398, 435 within MAO-B , 407 and 444 within MAO-A ) in the binding pocket that are commonly involved in inhibitor activity have been hypothesized to be relevant to orienting substrates ...
Flavin-containing amine oxidoreductases are a family of various amine oxidases, including maize polyamine oxidase (PAO), [2] L-amino acid oxidases (LAO) and various flavin containing monoamine oxidases (MAO). The aligned region includes the flavin binding site of these enzymes.
Brunner syndrome is caused by a monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) deficiency, which leads to an excess of monoamines in the brain, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). In both mice and humans, a mutation was located on the eighth exon of the MAO-A gene, which created a dysfunctional MAO-A gene.
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). They are best known as effective antidepressants , especially for treatment-resistant depression and atypical depression . [ 1 ]
An amine oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of alkylamines into aldehydes and ammonia: [1] RCH 2 NH 2 + H 2 O + O 2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } RCHO + NH 3 + H 2 O 2
Monoamine oxidases MAO-A and MAO-B play vital roles in the degradation and inactivation of monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and epinephrine. [4] Monoamine oxidases are important drug targets, targeted by MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) such as selegiline. Glutamate dehydrogenase play an important role in oxidative deamination.