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The sentence can be given as a grammatical puzzle [7] [8] [9] or an item on a test, [1] [2] for which one must find the proper punctuation to give it meaning. Hans Reichenbach used a similar sentence ("John where Jack had...") in his 1947 book Elements of Symbolic Logic as an exercise for the reader, to illustrate the different levels of language, namely object language and metalanguage.
The bee landed on the flower because it had nectar: The pronoun "it" refers to the "flower" but changes to the "bee" if we replace "had" with "wanted". We bought the boys apples because they were so hungry: "they" refers to the boys, but if "hungry" is replaced with "cheap", with no grammatical change, it refers to the apples. [28]
Compare He had left when we arrived (where his leaving preceded our arrival), with the form with the simple past, He left when we arrived (where his leaving was concurrent with or shortly after our arrival). Unlike the present perfect, the past perfect can readily be used with an adverb specifying a past time frame for the occurrence.
The structural version argues that children's “single word utterances are implicit expressions of syntactic and semantic structural relations.” There are three arguments used to account for the structural version of the holophrastic hypothesis: The comprehension argument, the temporal proximity argument, and the progressive acquisition argument.
Simple sentences in the Reed–Kellogg system are diagrammed according to these forms: The diagram of a simple sentence begins with a horizontal line called the base.The subject is written on the left, the predicate on the right, separated by a vertical bar that extends through the base.
What she had realized was that love was that moment when your heart was about to burst. (Stieg Larsson, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo) In this sentence the independent clause contains two noun clauses. The noun clause What she had realized serves as the subject of the verb was, and that love was that moment serves as complement.
1.0.1 (iOS 6.1, 2014-02-26) 8th Edition: Includes 184500 words, phrases, explanations (with 1000 new words and definitions); 49 writing guides in 14 categories, 78 expanded picture pages, 28 professional academic phrases, 68 pages of reference messages, 8 categories of usage examples, Oxford iWriter composition software CD, over 2,600 pages. [ 8 ]
On the other hand, figurative use of language (a later offshoot being the term figure of speech [citation needed]) is the use of words or phrases with a meaning that does make literal sense but that encourages certain mental associations or reflects a certain type of truth, [7] perhaps a more artistically presented one.