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Tetrigidae [1] is an ancient family in the order Orthoptera, [2] which also includes similar families such as crickets, grasshoppers, and their allies. Species within the Tetrigidae are variously called groundhoppers , [ 3 ] pygmy grasshoppers , [ 4 ] pygmy devils [ 5 ] or (mostly historical) "grouse locusts".
The use of sound is generally crucial in courtship, and most species have distinct songs. [3] Most grasshoppers lay their eggs in the ground or on vegetation. The eggs hatch and the young nymphs resemble adults, but lack wings and at this stage are often called 'hoppers'. They may often also have a radically different coloration from the adults.
The name "Grasshopper" was given to the Aeronca L-3 and Piper L-4 light aircraft, both used for reconnaissance and other support duties in World War II. The name is said to have originated when Major General Innis P. Swift saw a Piper making a rough landing and remarked that it looked like a grasshopper for its bouncing progress. [94] [95] [96]
Gomphocerinae, sometimes called "slant-faced grasshoppers", are a subfamily of grasshoppers found on every continent but Antarctica and Australia. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 1 ] Tribes and genera
Acrididae grasshoppers are characterized by relatively short and stout antennae (so they may be called "short-horned grasshoppers" [3]), and tympana on the side of the first abdominal segment. Subfamilies
Eumastacidae are a family of grasshoppers sometimes known as monkey- or matchstick grasshoppers. They usually have thin legs that are held folded at right angles to the body, sometimes close to the horizontal plane. Many species are wingless and the head is at an angle with the top of the head often jutting above the line of the thorax and abdomen.
They include the grasshoppers and grasshopper-like insects, as well as other superfamilies classified with them: the ground-hoppers (Tetrigoidea) and pygmy mole crickets (Tridactyloidea). The latter should not be confused with the mole crickets ( Gryllotalpidae ), which belong to the other Orthopteran sub-order Ensifera .
Sometimes described as leaf grasshoppers, American species in the Xyronotidae have also been called razor-backed bush-hoppers. [3] Families and distribution