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The Time Stamp Counter was once a high-resolution, low-overhead way for a program to get CPU timing information. With the advent of multi-core/hyper-threaded CPUs, systems with multiple CPUs, and hibernating operating systems, the TSC cannot be relied upon to provide accurate results — unless great care is taken to correct the possible flaws: rate of tick and whether all cores (processors ...
Read 64-bit Time Stamp Counter (TSC) into EDX:EAX. [m] [a] In early processors, the TSC was a cycle counter, incrementing by 1 for each clock cycle (which could cause its rate to vary on processors that could change clock speed at runtime) – in later processors, it increments at a fixed rate that doesn't necessarily match the CPU clock speed. [n]
tsc: Time Stamp Counter: cr8_legacy: CR8 in 32-bit mode 4 5 msr: Model-specific registers: abm/lzcnt: Advanced bit manipulation (LZCNT and POPCNT) 5 6 pae: Physical Address Extension: sse4a: SSE4a: 6 7 mce: Machine Check Exception: misalignsse: Misaligned SSE mode 7 8 cx8: CMPXCHG8B (compare-and-swap) instruction 3dnowprefetch: PREFETCH and ...
TSC provides consulting engineering services in modeling and testing, systems engineering, and procurement and deployment. [2] As of 2024, estimated current annual revenue was US$182.8 million, up from US$125.6 million in 2023; the company had approximately 526 employees. [5]
Later, TSC introduced the multitasking, multi-user, Unix-like UniFLEX operating system, which requires DMA disk controllers, 8" disk, and sold in small numbers. Several of the TSC computer languages were ported to UniFLEX. During the early 1980s, FLEX was offered by Compusense Ltd as an operating system for the 6809-based Dragon 64 home computer.
The Intel 8253 and 8254 are programmable interval timers (PITs), which perform timing and counting functions using three 16-bit counters. [ 1 ] The 825x family was primarily designed for the Intel 8080 / 8085 -processors, but were later used in x86 compatible systems.
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The documentation of Red Hat MRG version 2 states that TSC is the preferred clock source due to its much lower overhead, but it uses HPET as a fallback. A benchmark in that environment for 10 million event counts found that TSC took about 0.6 seconds, HPET took slightly over 12 seconds, and ACPI Power Management Timer took around 24 seconds. [6]