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TIGER data published through February 2007 (2006 Second Edition) were in a custom text-based format formally known as TIGER/Line files. In 2008, data in shapefile format was published. Please note that shapefiles are not topological, therefore may create slivers when comparing TIGER/Line boundaries.
U.S. Gazetteer, TIGER/Line shapefiles, census data. National Historical Geographic Information System: NHGIS provides free of charge, aggregate census data and GIS-compatible boundary files for the United States between 1790 and 2012. Atlas of Historical County Boundaries Project (AHCBP)
The shapefile format is a geospatial vector data format for geographic information system (GIS) software.It is developed and regulated by Esri as a mostly open specification for data interoperability among Esri and other GIS software products. [1]
This was most common from the 1970s through the early 1990s, because GIS software developers had to invent their own geometry data structures, but incorporated existing relational database file formats for the attributes. For example, the Esri Shapefile format includes the .dbf file from the DOS dBase software.
For example, OpenRailwayMap is a detailed online map of the world's railway infrastructure based on OSM data. [92] OpenSeaMap is a world nautical chart built as a mashup of OpenStreetMap, crowdsourced water depth tracks, and third-party weather and bathymetric data.
Sergeant Chris D. Washington checking his Topographic map during a morning deer hunt in Kilgore, Texas A topographic map of Stowe, Vermont with contour lines Part of the same map in a perspective shaded relief view illustrating how the contour lines follow the terrain Sheet #535 (2013 version; second digital edition) of MTN50 Spanish National Topographic map series, covering Algete town (near ...
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Free and open-source software portal; Vega and Vega-Lite are visualization tools implementing a grammar of graphics, similar to ggplot2.The Vega and Vega-Lite grammars extend Leland Wilkinson's Grammar of Graphics [2] by adding a novel grammar of interactivity to assist in the exploration of complex datasets.