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Synthesis of an amide with work-up step in red. A concentrated solution of sodium bicarbonate is added to the reaction mixture. This will promote the migration of impurities and byproducts to the aqueous layer and leave the product in the dichloromethane (organic layer). The aqueous and organic layers are allowed to separate.
Acid–base extraction is a subclass of liquid–liquid extractions and involves the separation of chemical species from other acidic or basic compounds. [1] It is typically performed during the work-up step following a chemical synthesis to purify crude compounds [2] and results in the product being largely free of acidic or basic impurities.
An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. It is mostly shown in chemical equations by appending (aq) to the relevant chemical formula . For example, a solution of table salt , also known as sodium chloride (NaCl), in water would be represented as Na + (aq) + Cl − (aq) .
Photograph of a separatory funnel in a laboratory scale extraction of 2 immiscible liquids: liquids are a diethyl ether upper phase, and a lower aqueous phase. Soxhlet extractor Extraction in chemistry is a separation process consisting of the separation of a substance from a matrix .
For aqueous solutions of an acid HA, the base is water; the conjugate base is A − and the conjugate acid is the solvated hydrogen ion. In solution chemistry, it is usual to use H + as an abbreviation for the solvated hydrogen ion, regardless of the solvent. In aqueous solution H + denotes a solvated hydronium ion. [21] [22] [note 4]
In chemistry, an acid–base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base.It can be used to determine pH via titration.Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acid–base theories, for example, Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory.
Stanley is recalling 2.6 million mugs sold in the U.S. after the company received dozens of consumer complaints, including some users who reported getting burned and requiring medical attention ...
Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH 3 (aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition [NH + 4][OH −