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Interpretivism (social science), an approach to social science that opposes the positivism of natural science; Qualitative research, a method of inquiry in social science and related disciplines; Interpretivism (legal), a school of thought in contemporary jurisprudence and the philosophy of law
In social science, antipositivism (also interpretivism, negativism [citation needed] or antinaturalism) is a theoretical stance which proposes that the social realm cannot be studied with the methods of investigation utilized within the natural sciences, and that investigation of the social realm requires a different epistemology.
Postpositivism is the name D.C. Phillips [3] gave to a group of critiques and amendments which apply to both forms of positivism. [3] One of the first thinkers to criticize logical positivism was Karl Popper. He advanced falsification in lieu of the logical positivist idea of verificationism. [3]
Thus, it is better to understand this not as a debate but as two different arguments: the "antipositivist" articulation of a social meta-theory which includes a philosophical critique of scientism, and "positivist" development of a scientific research methodology for sociology with accompanying critiques of the reliability and validity of work ...
Critical realism is a philosophical approach to understanding science, and in particular social science, initially developed by Roy Bhaskar (1944–2014). It specifically opposes forms of empiricism and positivism by viewing science as concerned with identifying causal mechanisms.
Phenomenography is a qualitative research methodology, within the interpretivist paradigm, that investigates the qualitatively different ways in which people experience something or think about something. [1] It is an approach to educational research which appeared in publications in the early 1980s.
It deals with the meaning attached to action, unlike positivist sociology which focuses on behavior; It sees reality as being constructed by people, unlike positivist sociology which sees an objective reality "out there;" and; It relies on qualitative data, unlike positivist sociology which tends to make use of quantitative data.
They emphasise the theoretical flexibility of thematic analysis and its use within realist, critical realist and relativist ontologies and positivist, contextualist and constructionist epistemologies. Like most research methods, the process of thematic analysis of data can occur both inductively or deductively. [1]