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Ketogenesis pathway. The three ketone bodies (acetoacetate, acetone, and beta-hydroxy-butyrate) are marked within orange boxes. Ketogenesis is the biochemical process through which organisms produce ketone bodies by breaking down fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids.
The concentration of ketone bodies in blood is maintained around 1 mg/dL. Their excretion in urine is very low and undetectable by routine urine tests (Rothera's test). [18] When the rate of synthesis of ketone bodies exceeds the rate of utilization, their concentration in blood increases; this is known as ketonemia.
The Blaise ketone synthesis (named after Edmond Blaise) is the chemical reaction of acid chlorides with organozinc compounds to give ketones.. The Blaise ketone synthesis. The reaction was claimed to bring excellent yields by Blaise, however, investigators failed to obtain better than moderate yields (50%).
Date/Time Thumbnail Dimensions User Comment; current: 07:58, 12 February 2006: 792 × 205 (12 KB): Scott5114: Reaction scheme of the Blaise ketone synthesis. Based upon a PNG version, selfmade by ~K with ChemDraw and The GIMP, 28 January 2006; converted to SVG by User:Scott5114 using Inkscape 0.39.
Ketolysis is the process of catabolizing ketones, the opposite of ketogenesis which is the process of synthesizing ketones. Ketolysis provides more energy for ATP synthesis than fatty acid oxidation (beta oxidation).
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[15] [16] After the ketones convert to acetyl-CoA in a process known as ketolysis, it enters the citric acid cycle to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The longer that the person's glycogen reserves have been depleted, the higher the blood concentration of ketones, typically due to starvation or a low carb diet (βHB 3 - 5 mM).
However, drinking exogenous ketones will not trigger fat burning like a ketogenic diet. Most supplements rely on β-hydroxybutyrate as the source of exogenous ketone bodies. It is the most common exogenous ketone body because of its efficient energy conversion and ease of synthesis. [1] In the body, BHB can be converted to acetoacetic acid.