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A glomus tumor (also known as a "solitary glomus tumor" [1]) is a rare neoplasm arising from the glomus body and mainly found under the nail, on the fingertip or in the foot. [2]: 670 They account for less than 2% of all soft tissue tumors. [3] The majority of glomus tumors are benign, but they can also show malignant features. [4]
English: Closeup of a glomus tumor being surgically extracted from a female fingertip. The tumor is the translucent oblate spheroid in the center of the incision. Approximate horizontal dimension is 4 millimeters. Before surgery, the tumor resided close to the bone in the right ring finger and was not visible externally.
Studies conducted in the past have also revealed changes in the expression of Bcl-2 and p53 in comparison to benign glomus tumors. [ 3 ] [ 12 ] These lesions in soft tissue and skin need to be distinguished from other cutaneous round cell malignancies such hemangiopericytoma , leiomyosarcoma , melanoma , and Merkel cell carcinoma .
A glomectomy is an excision of a glomus body or a glomus cell, usually in the case of a glomus tumor. This operation was formerly performed for the treatment of severe, chronic asthma, [1] but has since been abandoned for this purpose due to its lack of efficacy. [2] [3]
Hildreth's sign is a physical examination technique useful in differentiating glomus tumors and hemangiopericytomas from other masses with a similar appearance. It was first described by DH Hildreth, in 1970. [1]
Glomus tumor (glomangioma, solid glomus tumor, solitary glomus tumor) Granular cell tumor (Abrikossoff's tumor, Abrikossov's tumor, granular cell myoblastoma, granular cell nerve sheath tumor, granular cell schwannoma) Hamartoma; Hemangiopericytoma; Hemangiosarcoma; Hibernoma (fetal lipoma, lipoma of embryonic fat, lipoma of immature adipose ...
When the same type of tumor is found in the adrenal gland, they are referred to as a pheochromocytoma. They are rare tumors, with an overall estimated incidence of 1 in 300,000. [1] There is no test that determines benign from malignant tumors; long-term follow-up is therefore recommended for all individuals with paraganglioma. [2]
As the skin lesions are typically painful, it is also often necessary to exclude other painful tumors of the skin (including blue rubber bleb nevus, leiomyoma, eccrine spiradenoma, neuroma, dermatofibroma, angiolipoma, neurilemmoma, endometrioma, glomus tumor and granular cell tumor; the mnemonic "BLEND-AN