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The mainstream Canadian accent ("Standard Canadian") is often compared to the General American accent, a middle ground lacking in noticeable regional features. Western Canada (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba) shows the largest dialect diversity.
In particular, Standard Canadian English is defined by the cot–caught merger to ⓘ and an accompanying chain shift of vowel sounds, which is called the Canadian Shift. A subset of the dialect geographically at its central core, excluding British Columbia to the west and everything east of Montreal, has been called Inland Canadian English.
Canadian raising also still exists, however, possibly less so than among Standard Canadian speakers. The distinct accent features of Multicultural Toronto English include the TRAP vowel before a nasal consonant being unraised or only slightly raised and the GOAT vowel being monophthongal, both of which are "distinctly non-normative" in 21st ...
The accents spoken here share the Canadian raising of /aɪ/ as well as often /aʊ/, but they also possess the cot-caught merger, which is not associated with rest of "the North". Most famously, Northern New England accents (with the exception of Northwestern New England, much of southern New Hampshire, and Martha's Vineyard) are often non-rhotic.
Canadian raising is not restricted to Canada. Raising of both / aɪ / and / aʊ / is common in eastern New England, for example in some Boston accents (the former more likely than the latter), [16] as well as in the Upper Midwest. South Atlantic English, New Orleans English, [17] and the accents of England's Fens feature it as well.
The traditional Yooper accent is associated with certain features: the alveolar stops /d/ and /t/ in place of the English dental fricatives /ð/ and /θ/ (like in "then" and "thigh", so that then (/ðɛn/) becomes den (/dɛn/), etc.); the German/Scandinavian affirmative ja [jä] to mean 'yeah' or 'yes' (often Anglicized in spelling to ya); the ...
The phonology of West/Central Canadian English, also called General Canadian, is broadly similar to that of the Western US, except for the following features: The diphthongs /aɪ/ and /aʊ/ are raised to approximately [ʌɪ] and [ʌʊ] [9] before voiceless consonants. For example, the vowel sound of "out" [ʌʊt] is different from that of "loud ...
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