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Doxycycline, doxycycline monohydrate and doxycycline hyclate are yellow, crystalline powders with a bitter taste. The latter smells faintly of ethanol , a 1% aqueous solution has a pH of 2–3, and the specific rotation is [ α ] D 25 {\displaystyle [\alpha ]_{D}^{25}} −110° cm 3 /dm·g in 0.01 N methanolic hydrochloric acid .
A hyclate (Latin: hyclas) is a pharmaceutical term for hydrochloride hemiethanolate hemihydrate [1] [2] (·HCl· 1 / 2 EtOH· 1 / 2 H 2 O), e.g. doxycycline hyclate. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] References
β-Lactam antibiotics are indicated for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.
Doxycycline is also used as a prophylactic treatment for infection by Bacillus anthracis and is effective against Yersinia pestis, the infectious agent of bubonic plague. It is also used for malaria treatment and prophylaxis, as well as treating elephantitis filariasis . [ 10 ]
Dicloxacillin is a narrow-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class. [1] It is used to treat infections caused by susceptible (non-resistant) Gram-positive bacteria. [1]
The following is a list of antibiotics.The highest division between antibiotics is bactericidal and bacteriostatic.Bactericidals kill bacteria directly, whereas bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing.
Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant β-lactam.It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use.Other related compounds are nafcillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, and flucloxacillin.
It is used as a precursor in the industrial synthesis of doxycycline hyclate. [citation needed] It has been found to act as an agonist of the human pregnane X receptor ligand-binding domain and to induce CYP3A4 expression in vitro. [1]