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An example of Ibid. citations in use, from Justice by Michael J. Sandel.. Ibid. is an abbreviation for the Latin word ibīdem, meaning ' in the same place ', commonly used in an endnote, footnote, bibliography citation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note or list item.
Loc. cit. (Latin, short for loco citato, meaning "in the place cited") is a footnote or endnote term used to repeat the title and page number for a given work (and author). Loc. cit. is used in place of ibid. when the reference is not only to the work immediately preceding, but also refers to the same page.
Reference number 13 refers to the last cited work by the author R. Millan, and hence, it is the same as in number 9 (R. Millan, Art of Latin Grammar), although the page referred to is different. Reference number 14 refers to reference number 10, Language and Its Uses (because the work was published in 2000), page 66. Reference number 15 refers ...
Perfectly correct Latin sentence usually reported as funny by modern Italians because the same exact words, in Italian, mean "Romans' calves are beautiful", which has a ridiculously different meaning. ibidem (ibid.) in the same place: Usually used in bibliographic citations to refer to the last source previously referenced. id est (i.e.)
idem is a Latin term meaning "the same". It is commonly abbreviated as id., which is particularly used in legal citations to denote the previously cited source (compare ibid.). It is also used in academic citations to replace the name of a repeated author.
Ibid or Ibid. is a Latin abbreviation used in scholarly writing, meaning "the same place". It can also refer to: "Ibid" (short story), a 1927/28 short story by H. P. Lovecraft; Ibid: A Life, a 2004 novel by Mark Dunn; Ion beam-induced deposition, a process of decomposing gaseous molecules by focused ion beam
Ibid., in legal writing, and elsewhere, is used to show that a citation is being taken from the exact same page or paragraph (whichever unit is being cited) as is pinpointed in the source directly preceding it.
The two styles are significantly different in citing cases, in use of ibid. or id. (for idem), and in citing books and journals. [35] Michigan uses a separate official citation system issued as an administrative order of the Michigan Supreme Court. [36]