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One common definition of thrombocytopenia requiring emergency treatment is a platelet count below 50,000/μL. [5] Thrombocytopenia can be contrasted with the conditions associated with an abnormally high level of platelets in the blood – thrombocythemia (when the cause is unknown), and thrombocytosis (when the cause is known). [6] [7]
Iron is an essential part of hemoglobin, and low iron levels result in decreased incorporation of hemoglobin into red blood cells. In the United States, 12% of all women of childbearing age have iron deficiency, compared with only 2% of adult men. The incidence is as high as 20% among African American and Mexican American women. [75]
By itself, low albumin levels are associated with increased mortality rate in the general population. [8] In disease states specifically, hypoalbuminemia has been used a predictive factor for poor outcomes in a number of conditions, [3] including periprosthetic joint infection treatment failure, [13] and cirrhosis. [8]
Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. [3] Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. [3] When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired, weak, short of breath, or having decreased ability to exercise. [1]
Conditions that can lead to falsely low sodium measurements include high blood protein levels such as in multiple myeloma, high blood fat levels, and high blood sugar. [5] [6] Treatment is based on the underlying cause. [4] Correcting hyponatremia too quickly can lead to complications. [5]
A hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your blood. If a hemoglobin tests shows that a person's levels are below normal, it means they have a low red blood cell count, which is known as anemia. If the test shows higher levels than normal, it means they have hemoglobinemia. [citation needed] The normal range for hemoglobin is:
The treatment for anemia is rest and a diet consisting of high iron foods. Medication can also be used such as: [citation needed] Epoetin alfa, a synthetic erythropoietin that stimulates stem cells to produce red blood cells. Darbepoetin alfa stimulates red blood cells but requires less daily doses and less disruption in activities.
Blood tests may show low levels of vitamin B 12, elevated levels of methylmalonic acid or homocysteine, and a routine complete blood counts may shows anemia with an elevated mean cell volume. [141] The presence of antibodies to gastric parietal cells and intrinsic factor may indicate pernicious anemia .