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Various neutraceuticals (supplements) are available for equine joint health. Although these products are evaluated for safety, they are not required to prove efficacy, and actual scientific support of their benefits for osteoarthritis in horses are poor. [ 19 ]
Cosequin is a nutritional supplement for animals. [1] It claims to support joints in pets. [2] Cosequin is manufactured in the by Nutramax Laboratories Veterinary Sciences, Inc. It contains TRH122(R) chondroitin sulfate, FCHG49(R) glucosamine, and manganese ascorbate. Cosequin comes in formulas specific for cats, dogs and horses. [2]
PSGAG is mostly used in dogs and horses for treating traumatic arthritis and degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis). [7] It has shown to be better at treating acute than chronic arthritis, though some studies say that its effectiveness in acute cases is still limited if degenerative enzymes have not played a role. [8]
Another study examined both the serum and the joint synovial fluid after nasogastric (oral) or intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg glucosamine hydrochloride to eight adult horses. [48] Although joint fluid concentrations of glucosamine reached 9–15 μmol/L following intravenous dosing, it was only 0.3–0.7 μmol/L with nasogastric dosing.
Chemical structure of one unit in a chondroitin sulfate chain. Chondroitin-4-sulfate: R 1 = H; R 2 = SO 3 H; R 3 = H. Chondroitin-6-sulfate: R 1 = SO 3 H; R 2, R 3 = H.. Chondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) [1] composed of a chain of alternating sugars (N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid).
[3] [4] A 2008–2009 review of all known studies of glucosamine supplements for horses, for example, found that almost all studies had failed to meet usual standards and were fatally compromised by basic errors in their execution, including failure to test whether active ingredients were as stated, lack of adequate (or any) control groups or ...
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