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Diagram showing the reduction in number of the chromosomes in the process of maturation of the ovum; the process is known as meiosis Main article: Oogenesis The formation of an oocyte is called oocytogenesis, which is a part of oogenesis. [ 1 ]
Oogenesis starts with the process of developing primary oocytes, which occurs via the transformation of oogonia into primary oocytes, a process called oocytogenesis. [11] From one single oogonium, only one mature oocyte will rise, with 3 other cells called polar bodies.
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Diagram of a human egg cell Ovum and sperm fusing together The process of fertilizing an ovum (top to bottom). In all mammals , the ovum is fertilized inside the female body. Human ova grow from primitive germ cells that are embedded in the substance of the ovaries .
Functions of the cumulus oophorus include coordination of follicular development and oocyte maturation. [2] Mechanisms of the latter include stimulation of amino acid transport and sterol biosynthesis and regulation of oocyte gene transcription. [2] It also provides energy substrates for oocyte meiotic resumption and promotes glycolysis. [2]
Gene structure is the organisation of specialised sequence elements within a gene. Genes contain most of the information necessary for living cells to survive and reproduce. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In most organisms, genes are made of DNA, where the particular DNA sequence determines the function of the gene.
Oocytogenesis : third trimester primary Oocyte: diploid/46: 4C: Ootidogenesis (meiosis 1) (Folliculogenesis) -- polar body separated: Dictyate in prophase I until ovulation secondary Oocyte: haploid/23: 2C: Ootidogenesis (meiosis 2) -- polar body separated: Halted in metaphase II until fertilization Ootid: haploid/23: 1C: Maturation: Minutes ...
The zona pellucida is a translucent matrix of cross-linked glycoprotein filaments that surrounds the mammalian oocyte and is 6.5–20 μm thick depending on the species. Its formation, which depends on a conserved zona pellucida-like (ZP) module that mediates the polymerization of egg coat components, [2] is critical to successful fertilization. [3]