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Brain injury as a result of oxygen deprivation either due to hypoxic or anoxic mechanisms is generally termed hypoxic/anoxic injury (HAI). Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy ( HIE ) is a condition that occurs when the entire brain is deprived of an adequate oxygen supply, but the deprivation is not total.
The symptoms of brain ischemia reflect the anatomical region undergoing blood and oxygen deprivation. Ischemia within the arteries branching from the internal carotid artery may result in symptoms such as blindness in one eye, weakness in one arm or leg, or weakness in one entire side of the body.
Prolonged hypoxia induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis, resulting in a hypoxic brain injury. [34] [35] Oxygen deprivation can be hypoxic (reduced general oxygen availability) or ischemic (oxygen deprivation due to a disruption in blood flow) in origin. Brain injury as a result of oxygen deprivation is generally termed hypoxic injury.
A person can show one or more of these symptoms during a stroke. Decreased consciousness is more uncommon than in stroke due to intracerebral hemorrhage, but may be present when there is infarctions in more than one part of the brain or in the brain stem. [13] Symptoms of cerebral infarction can help determine which parts of the brain are affected.
When decreased oxygen is being delivered to the brain, it can also cause brain fog. Bloomberg adds, “This symptom can lead to difficulty thinking, concentrating, processing information, problem ...
Right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) is the result of injury to the right cerebral hemisphere. [1] The right hemisphere of the brain coordinates tasks for functional communication, which include problem solving, memory, and reasoning. [1] Deficits caused by right hemisphere brain damage vary depending on the location of the damage. [2]
Brain ischemia is insufficient blood flow to the brain, and can be acute or chronic. Acute ischemic stroke is a neurological emergency typically caused by a blood clot blocking blood flow in a vessel in the brain. [15] Chronic ischemia of the brain may result in a form of dementia called vascular dementia. [16]
The neurologic symptoms manifest within seconds because neurons need a continual supply of nutrients, including glucose and oxygen, that are provided by the blood. Therefore, if blood supply to the brain is impeded, injury and energy failure is rapid. [8]