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One part per hundred thousand, per cent mille (pcm) or milli-percent denotes one part per 100,000 (10 5) parts, and a value of 10 −5. It is commonly used in epidemiology for mortality, crime and disease prevalence rates, and nuclear reactor engineering as a unit of reactivity.
The phrase per mille (from Latin per mīlle 'in each thousand') [1] indicates parts per thousand. [2] The associated symbol is ‰, similar to a per cent sign % but with an extra zero in the divisor. Major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling, [1] [2] [3] giving other options of per mil, [2] per mill, [1] [3] permil, [1] [4] permill, [1 ...
The salt concentration is usually expressed in parts per thousand (permille, ... The salt concentration in slightly saline water is 1,000 to 3,000 ppm (0.1–0.3% ...
The actual conductivity usually changes by about 2% per degree Celsius, so the measured conductivity at 5 °C might only be in the range of 50–80 μS/cm. Direct density measurements are also used to estimate salinities, particularly in highly saline lakes. [4] Sometimes density at a specific temperature is used as a proxy for salinity.
where TDS is expressed in mg/L and EC is the electrical conductivity in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 °C. The conversion factor k e varies between 0.55 and 0.8. [5] Some TDS meters use an electrical conductivity measurement to the ppm using the above formula. Regarding units, 1 ppm indicates 1 mg of dissolved solids per 1,000 g of water. [6]
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Various ways of expressing fineness have been used and two remain in common use: millesimal fineness expressed in units of parts per 1,000 [1] and karats or carats used only for gold. Karats measure the parts per 24, so that 18 karat = 18 ⁄ 24 = 75% and 24 karat gold is considered 100% gold. [2]
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