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The flag most commonly identified as the Jolly Roger today – the skull and crossbones symbol on a black flag – was used during the 1710s by a number of pirate captains, including Black Sam Bellamy, Edward England, and John Taylor. It became the most commonly used pirate flag during the 1720s, although other designs were also in use.
The Jolly Roger is the name given to any of various flags flown to identify a ship's crew as pirates. Since the decline of piracy, various military units have used the Jolly Roger, usually in skull-and-crossbones design, as a unit identification insignia or a victory flag to ascribe to themselves the proverbial ferocity and toughness of pirates.
A skull and crossbones is a symbol consisting of a human skull and two long bones crossed together under or behind the skull. [1] The design originated in the Late Middle Ages as a symbol of death and especially as a memento mori on tombstones. Actual skulls and bones were long used to mark the entrances to Spanish cemeteries (campo santo).
A small number of other submarines adopted the practice: [3] HMS E12 flew a red flag with the skull and crossbones on return from a foray into the Dardanelles in June 1915, [4] and the first known photograph of the practice was taken in July 1916 aboard HMS H5. [5] The Admiralty disapproved of the practice, but was unable to stop it. [2]
Bartholomew Roberts (17 May 1682 – 10 February 1722), born John Roberts, was a Welsh pirate who was, measured by vessels captured, the most successful pirate of the Golden Age of Piracy. [2] During his piratical career, he took over 400 prize ships , although most were mere fishing boats.
Emanuel Wynn's flag. Most historians agree that Cranby's journal is the first witness account of a black Jolly Roger used aboard ship, [3] which Cranby described as "a sable ensign with cross bones, a death's head, and an hour glass" (the quotation is from Earle, Pirate Wars, p. 154) or "A Sable Flag with a White Death's Head and Crossed Bones in the Fly."
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