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Chromolithography is a method for making multi-colour prints. This type of colour printing stemmed from the process of lithography, [1] and includes all types of lithography that are printed in colour. [citation needed] When chromolithography is used to reproduce photographs, the term photochrome is frequently used.
Lithography was invented by Alois Senefelder [1] in the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1796. In the early days of lithography, a smooth piece of limestone was used (hence the name "lithography": "lithos" (λιθος) is the Ancient Greek word for "stone"). After the oil-based image was put on the surface, a solution of gum arabic in water was applied ...
Mechanical color separation, initially using photographs of the image taken with three different color filters, reduced the number of prints needed to three. Zincography , with zinc plates, later replaced lithographic stones, and remained the most common method of color printing until the 1930s.
The earliest lithographs were printed in black and then colored by hand. As new techniques were developed, publishers began to produce full-color lithographs that gradually developed softer, more painterly effects. Skilled artist lithographers such as John Cameron, Fanny Palmer, and others became known for their work and signed important pieces.
Chromogenic prints, like most color photographic prints, are developed using the RA-4 process. As of 2017, the major lines of professional chromogenic print paper are Kodak Endura and Fujifilm Crystal Archive. [21] Plastic chromogenic "papers" such as Kodak Duratrans and Duraclear are used for producing backlit advertising and art.
Offset printing is a common printing technique in which the inked image is transferred (or "offset") from a plate to a rubber blanket and then to the printing surface. When used in combination with the lithographic process, which is based on the repulsion of oil and water, the offset technique employs a flat (planographic) image carrier.
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Coquetry, lithograph by Henri Baron (1816-1885). Monochrome printmaking is a generic term for any printmaking technique that produces only shades of a single color. While the term may include ordinary printing with only two colors — "ink" and "no ink" — it usually implies the ability to produce several intermediate colors between those two ...