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  2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Covenant_on...

    The ICCPR (International Covenant On Civil and Political Rights) has its roots in the same process that led to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. [5] A "Declaration on the Essential Rights of Man" had been proposed at the 1945 San Francisco Conference which led to the founding of the United Nations, and the Economic and Social Council ...

  3. First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Optional_Protocol_to...

    It was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 16 December 1966, and entered into force on 23 March 1976. As of July 2024, it had 116 state parties and 35 signatories. [ 1 ] Three of the ratifying states ( Belarus , Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago ) have denounced the protocol.

  4. Right of return - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_of_return

    In addition, the HRC in General Comment 27 affirms this reading in so far as it states: "[t]he right to return is of the utmost importance for refugees seeking voluntary repatriation. It also implies prohibition of enforced population transfers or mass expulsions to other countries".

  5. International Bill of Human Rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Bill_of...

    It consists of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted in 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR, 1966) with its two Optional Protocols and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR, 1966). The two covenants entered into force in 1976, after a sufficient number of ...

  6. Online hate speech - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_hate_speech

    The Human Rights Committee, the United Nations body created by the ICCPR to oversee its implementation, cognizant of the tension, has sought to stress that Article 20 is fully compatible with the right to freedom of expression. [26] In the ICCPR, the right to freedom of expression is not an absolute right.

  7. International Principles on the Application of Human Rights ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Principles...

    The International Principles on the Application of Human Rights to Communications Surveillance (also called the "Necessary and Proportionate Principles" or just "the Principles") is a document officially launched at the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva in September 2013 by the Electronic Frontier Foundation [1] which attempts to "clarify how international human rights law applies in the ...

  8. Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Optional_Protocol...

    Signatories to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR: parties in dark green, signatories in light green, non-members in grey. The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, is a subsidiary agreement to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

  9. United Nations Human Rights Committee - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Human...

    The Committee's most recent General Comment (of October 30, 2018) was General Comment 36 on ICCPR Article 6, on the right to life (replacing General Comments 6 and 14, of 1982 and 1984, respectively). [46] Of its seventy paragraphs, twenty address capital punishment, in a section headed "The death penalty." One commentator has stated that its ...