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Structural model at atomic resolution of bacteriophage T4 [1] The structure of a typical myovirus bacteriophage Anatomy and infection cycle of bacteriophage T4.. A bacteriophage (/ b æ k ˈ t ɪər i oʊ f eɪ dʒ /), also known informally as a phage (/ ˈ f eɪ dʒ /), is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.
The basic experimental toolkit of phage "organismal" ecology consists of the single-step growth (or one-step growth; [12]) experiment and the phage adsorption curve. [13] Single-step growth is a means of determining the phage latent period ( example ), which is approximately equivalent (depending on how it is defined) to the phage period of ...
Phage injecting its genome into bacterial cell An electron micrograph of bacteriophages attached to a bacterial cell. These viruses are the size and shape of coliphage T1. Phage therapy, viral phage therapy, or phagotherapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections.
The average virion is about one one-hundredth the linear size of the average bacterium. A teaspoon of seawater typically contains about fifty million viruses. [6] Most of these viruses are bacteriophages which infect and destroy marine bacteria and control the growth of phytoplankton at the base of the marine food web. Bacteriophages are ...
A more detailed account of the use of phage in major biological discoveries can be found on the page, bacteriophage. As one of the earliest applied microbiologists, d'Hérelle's microbe-centered worldview has been noted for its prescience, since microbes are playing increasingly important roles in bioremediation, microbial fuel cells, gene ...
The RM system was first discovered by Salvatore Luria and Mary Human in 1952 and 1953. [1] [2] They found that a bacteriophage growing within an infected bacterium could be modified, so that upon their release and re-infection of a related bacterium the bacteriophage's growth is restricted (inhibited; also described by Luria in his autobiography on pages 45 and 99 in 1984). [3]
In the lytic cycle, the virus commandeers the cell's reproductive machinery. The cell may fill with new viruses until it lyses or bursts, or it may release the new viruses one at a time in an exocytotic process. The period from infection to lysis is termed the latent period. A virus following a lytic cycle is called a virulent virus.
A bacteriophage is a type of virus that infects bacteria. Bacteriophage are likely the most numerous "organisms" on Earth [1] [2] The main article for this category is Bacteriophage .