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The thrombosis events associated with the COVID‑19 vaccine may occur 4–28 days after its administration and mainly affects women under 55. [6] [2] [20] Several relatively unusual types of thrombosis were specifically reported to be occurring in those with the reaction: cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and thrombosis of the splanchnic veins.
The second most common initial manifestation of the disease is inflammation of the optic nerve and/or optic chiasm (optic neuritis, ON). [4] ON may lead to varying degrees of visual impairment with decreased visual acuity , although visual field defects, or loss of color vision , may occur in isolation or prior to formal loss of visual acuity.
The repetition of an idiopathic optic neuritis is considered a distinct clinical condition, and when it shows demyelination, it has been found to be associated to anti-MOG and AQP4-negative neuromyelitis optica. [20] When an inflammatory recurrent optic neuritis is not demyelinating, it is called chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy ...
Corticosteroid responsive optic neuritis not associated with demyelinating disease should also be ruled out, including sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or other systemic autoimmune disease. [11] Hereditary causes such as Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy are also part of the differential diagnosis. [12]
Autoimmune optic neuropathy (AON), sometimes called autoimmune optic neuritis, may be a forme fruste of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated optic neuropathy. AON is more than the presence of any optic neuritis in a patient with an autoimmune process, as it describes a relatively specific clinical syndrome.
Radiation optic neuropathy (RON) is also thought to be due to ischemia of the optic nerve that occurs 3 months to 8 or more years after radiation therapy to the brain and orbit. It occurs most often around 1.5 years after treatment and results in irreversible and severe vision loss, which may also be associated with damage to the retina ...
For more on COVID-19: 54 million COVID cases went unreported in 2022, study says. ... but less than half say they’ll get the new vaccine. This story was originally featured on Fortune.com.
Concurrently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the optic nerves plays a pivotal role in distinguishing NAION from optic neuritis, a condition with similar symptoms. Notably, MRI revealed optic nerve abnormalities in only a small fraction (15.6%) of NAION patients, compared to almost all (96.9%) patients with optic neuritis.
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