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Atlantic salmon go a step further than detecting a predator's cue: when an individual is damaged by a predator, it releases a chemical cue to its conspecifics. [45] As has also been observed in other species, acidification and changes in pH physically disrupt these chemical cues, which has various implications for animal behavior .
Models of non-human communication describe communication among other species. Further types include encoding-decoding models, hypodermic models, and relational models. The problem of communication was already discussed in Ancient Greece but the field of communication studies only developed into a separate research discipline in the middle of ...
Acoustic communication is widespread in both aquatic and semi-aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates, [5] with many species capable of using both infrasound and ultrasound for communication. As sound travels faster and over a larger distance in water than in air, aquatic animals can use sound signals for long-distance communication while ...
There are many forms of non-verbal communication. They include kinesics, proxemics, haptics, paralanguage, chronemics, and physical appearance. [65] Kinesics studies the role of bodily behavior in conveying information. It is commonly referred to as body language, even though it is, strictly speaking, not a language but rather non-verbal ...
Olfactic communication is a channel of nonverbal communication referring to the various ways people and animals communicate and engage in social interaction through their sense of smell. Our human olfactory sense is one of the most phylogenetically primitive [ 1 ] and emotionally intimate [ 2 ] of the five senses ; the sensation of smell is ...
Biocommunication of animals may include vocalizations (as between competing bird species), or pheromone production (as between various species of insects), [4] chemical signals between plants and animals (as in tannin production used by vascular plants to warn away insects), and chemically mediated communication between plants [5] [6] and ...
A semiochemical, from the Greek σημεῖον (semeion), meaning "signal", is a chemical substance or mixture released by an organism that affects the behaviors of other individuals. [1] Semiochemical communication can be divided into two broad classes: communication between individuals of the same species (intraspecific) or communication ...
The molecules are delivered into communications media such as air and water for transmission. The technique also is not subject to the requirement of using antennas that are sized to a specific ratio of the wavelength of the signal. Molecular communication signals can be made biocompatible and require very little energy. [2] [3]