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  2. Fermat's Last Theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat's_Last_Theorem

    Each integer n > 2 is divisible by 4 or by an odd prime number (or both). Therefore, Fermat's Last Theorem could be proved for all n if it could be proved for n = 4 and for all odd primes p. In the two centuries following its conjecture (1637–1839), Fermat's Last Theorem was proved for three odd prime exponents p = 3, 5 and 7.

  3. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

    In mathematics, exponentiation, denoted b n, is an operation involving two numbers: the base, b, and the exponent or power, n. [1] When n is a positive integer, exponentiation corresponds to repeated multiplication of the base: that is, b n is the product of multiplying n bases: [1] = ⏟.

  4. Knuth's up-arrow notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knuth's_up-arrow_notation

    The sequence starts with a unary operation (the successor function with n = 0), and continues with the binary operations of addition (n = 1), multiplication (n = 2), exponentiation (n = 3), tetration (n = 4), pentation (n = 5), etc. Various notations have been used to represent hyperoperations.

  5. Proof of Fermat's Last Theorem for specific exponents

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_Fermat's_Last...

    u 2 + 3v 2 = s 3. Since u 2 + 3v 2 is odd, so is s. A crucial lemma shows that if s is odd and if it satisfies an equation s 3 = u 2 + 3v 2, then it can be written in terms of two integers e and f. s = e 2 + 3f 2. so that u = e(e 2 − 9f 2) v = 3f(e 2 − f 2) u and v are coprime, so e and f must be coprime, too. Since u is even and v odd, e ...

  6. Power of two - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_two

    The only known powers of 2 with all digits even are 2 1 = 2, 2 2 = 4, 2 3 = 8, 2 6 = 64 and 2 11 = 2048. [12] The first 3 powers of 2 with all but last digit odd is 2 4 = 16, 2 5 = 32 and 2 9 = 512. The next such power of 2 of form 2 n should have n of at least 6 digits.

  7. Kleiber's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleiber's_law

    The WBE theory predicts that the scaling of metabolism is not a strict power law but rather should be slightly curvilinear. The 3/4 exponent only holds exactly in the limit of organisms of infinite size. As body size increases, WBE predict that the scaling of metabolism will converge to a ~3/4 scaling exponent. [10]

  8. Tetration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration

    In these cases, iterated exponential notation is used to express them in base 10. The values containing a decimal point are approximate. Usually, the limit that can be calculated in a numerical calculation program such as Wolfram Alpha is 3↑↑4, and the number of digits up to 3↑↑5 can be expressed.

  9. Expression (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expression_(mathematics)

    [3] [4] Expressions can be evaluated or simplified by replacing operations that appear in them with their result. For example, the expression 8 × 2 − 5 {\displaystyle 8\times 2-5} simplifies to 16 − 5 {\displaystyle 16-5} , and evaluates to 11. {\displaystyle 11.}