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The heavier bullet produced significantly superior ballistics and could reach ranges of 3,350 yd (3,060 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yd (910 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3,500 yards (3,200 m).
With the addition of clinometers fixed machine gun squads could set long ranges and deliver plunging fire or indirect fire at more than 2,500 m (2,730 yd). This indirect firing method exploits the maximal practical range, that is defined by the maximum range of a small-arms projectile while still maintaining the minimum kinetic energy required to put unprotected personnel out of action, which ...
This is a table of selected pistol/submachine gun and rifle/machine gun cartridges by common name. Data values are the highest found for the cartridge, and might not occur in the same load (e.g. the highest muzzle energy might not be in the same load as the highest muzzle velocity, since the bullet weights can differ between loads).
In a side-by-side comparison with the .50 BMG (43 g), the 15 gr (1 g) titanium round of any caliber released almost 2.8 times the energy of the .50 BMG (1 g at 10 000 m/s = 50 000 joules), with only a 27% mean loss in momentum. Energy, in most cases, is what is lethal to the target, not momentum.
The 12.7×55mm cartridge is used in some Russian firearms such as the VKS bullpup sniper rifle, the ShAK-12 bullpup battle rifle and the RSh-12 revolver.The cartridge can carry a projectile weighing between from 108 grains and 1173 grains and is predominantly used to fire heavy subsonic loads.
For short-range target shooting, typically on ranges up to 50 meters, or 55 yards, with low-powered ammunition like a .22 long rifle, aerodynamics is relatively unimportant, and velocities are low compared to velocities attained by full-powered ammunition.
The NSV weighs 25 kg (55 lb), has a rate of fire of 700–800 rounds per minute, and an effective range from 1,500 m (1,600 yd) to 2,000 m (2,200 yd) against airborne and ground targets, respectively. A loaded ammunition belt with 50 rounds weighs 11 kg (24 lb). [5]
A range table was a list of angles of elevation a particular artillery gun barrel needed ... 45 240 7·1 420 9·6 550 11·6 ... 70 138 9·2 259 12·6 339 15·3 ...