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The heavier bullet produced significantly superior ballistics and could reach ranges of 3,350 yd (3,060 m), which were beyond the maximum range of the .45-70-405. While the effective range of the .45-70 on individual targets was limited to about 1,000 yd (910 m) with either load, the heavier bullet produced lethal injuries at 3,500 yards (3,200 m).
However, the ammo was much heavier (393 gr (25.4 g) for 7.62 x 51 round compared to 160 gr (10.4 g) for .45 ACP), effectively limiting the ammo load. Additionally, when fired in full automatic mode free recoil delivered by full-sized and full-powered cartridges became an issue, too.
The common trade-off when comparing .45 ACP, .40 S&W, and 9×19mm pistols is a 7- to 14-round capacity in the .45 ACP versus a 10- to 16-round capacity in the .40 S&W versus a 13- to 19-round capacity in the 9×19mm.
The 12.7×55mm cartridge is used in some Russian firearms such as the VKS bullpup sniper rifle, the ShAK-12 bullpup battle rifle and the RSh-12 revolver.The cartridge can carry a projectile weighing between from 108 grains and 1173 grains and is predominantly used to fire heavy subsonic loads.
In C.I.P. regulated countries, every rifle cartridge combination has to be proofed at 125% of this maximum C.I.P. pressure to be certified for sale to consumers, referred to as "PE". This means that 4.6×30mm chambered arms in C.I.P. regulated countries are currently (2018) proof tested at 5,000 bar (500 MPa; 72,519 psi) PE piezo pressure. [ 6 ]
From left to right: 9×19mm Parabellum (pistol cartridge) 7.92×33mm Kurz (intermediate-power rifle cartridge) 7.92×57mm Mauser (full-power rifle cartridge). A fully powered cartridge, also called full-power cartridge or full-size cartridge, is an umbrella term describing any rifle cartridge that emphasizes ballistic performance and single-shot accuracy, with little or no thought to its ...
It has an effective range of 100 m to 6 km, and takes 17.5 seconds to reach maximum range. Refleks can penetrate about 950 millimetres (37 in) of steel rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) and can also engage low-flying air targets such as helicopters .
In Army tests, the M60 proved fairly effective, but in the jungles of Southeast Asia, it displayed a number of troubling issues. A common complaint was the weapon's weight; though the M60 was among the lightest 7.62 mm machine guns of the era, the weapon was poorly balanced and thus awkward to carry for long periods.