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  2. Thulium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium

    The isotopes of thulium range from 144 Tm to 183 Tm. [8] [19] The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 169 Tm, is electron capture, and the primary mode after is beta emission. The primary decay products before 169 Tm are element 68 isotopes, and the primary products after are element 70 isotopes. [20]

  3. Isotopes of thulium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_thulium

    Naturally occurring thulium (69 Tm) is composed of one stable isotope, 169 Tm (100% natural abundance).Thirty-nine radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 171 Tm with a half-life of 1.92 years, 170 Tm with a half-life of 128.6 days, 168 Tm with a half-life of 93.1 days, and 167 Tm with a half-life of 9.25 days.

  4. Transmembrane protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmembrane_protein

    Types I, II, III and IV are single-pass molecules. Type I transmembrane proteins are anchored to the lipid membrane with a stop-transfer anchor sequence and have their N-terminal domains targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen during synthesis (and the extracellular space, if mature forms are located on cell membranes). Type II and III ...

  5. Transmembrane domain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmembrane_domain

    A transmembrane domain (TMD) is a membrane-spanning protein domain.TMDs may consist of one or several alpha-helices or a transmembrane beta barrel.Because the interior of the lipid bilayer is hydrophobic, the amino acid residues in TMDs are often hydrophobic, although proteins such as membrane pumps and ion channels can contain polar residues.

  6. Orders of magnitude (length) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(length)

    2 Tm – 13.2 au – estimated diameter of VY Canis Majoris, a red hypergiant that is among the largest-known stars [192] [193] 2.142 Tm – 14.3 au – estimated diameter of WOH G64, prior to its transformation into a yellow hypergiant. 2.9 Tm – 19.4 au – average distance between Uranus and the Sun; 4.4 Tm – 29.4 au – perihelion ...

  7. Aquaporin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin

    For many years, scientists assumed that water leaked through the cell membrane, and some water does. However, this did not explain how water could move so quickly through some cells. [28] Aquaporins selectively conduct water molecules in and out of the cell, while preventing the passage of ions and other solutes. Also known as water channels ...

  8. Nucleic acid thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_thermodynamics

    This data, in combination with molecular adsorption theory allows the determination of many thermodynamic parameters in a single experiment [15] and to go beyond the nearest neighbor model. [16] In general the predictions from the nearest neighbor method agree reasonably well with experimental results, but some unexpected outlying sequences ...

  9. Transfer-messenger RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer-messenger_RNA

    High-resolution structures of the complete tmRNA molecules are currently unavailable and may be difficult to obtain due to the inherent flexibility of the MLR. In 2007, the crystal structure of the Thermus thermophilus TLD bound to the SmpB protein was obtained at 3 Å resolution.