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The American economist Milton Friedman developed the permanent income hypothesis in his 1957 book A Theory of the Consumption Function. [7] In his book, Friedman posits a theory that explained how and why future expectations change consumption. [8] Friedman's 1957 book A Theory of the Consumption Function created the basis for consumption ...
Milton Friedman (/ ˈ f r iː d m ən / ⓘ; July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American economist and statistician who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and the complexity of stabilization policy. [4]
If this assumption is to be used, it would result in a nonlinear consumption function with a diminishing slope. Further theories on the shape of the consumption function include James Duesenberry 's (1949) relative consumption expenditure, [ 9 ] Franco Modigliani and Richard Brumberg's (1954) life-cycle hypothesis , and Milton Friedman 's (1957 ...
The Keynesian consumption function is also known as the absolute income hypothesis, as it only bases consumption on current income and ignores potential future income (or lack of). Criticism of this assumption led to the development of Milton Friedman's permanent income hypothesis and Franco Modigliani's life cycle hypothesis.
The absolute income hypothesis argues that income and demand generate consumption, and that the rise in GDP gives life to a rise in consumption. It was popularized by Keynes. Milton Friedman argues for a permanent income hypothesis, that consumption spending is a function of how rich you are. [6]
Another model to look at for consumption smoothing is Hall's model, which is inspired by Milton Friedman. Since Friedman's 1956 permanent income theory and Modigliani and Brumberg's 1954 life-cycle model, the idea that agents prefer a stable path of consumption has been widely accepted.
Average propensity to consume (APC) (as well as the marginal propensity to consume) is a concept developed by John Maynard Keynes to analyze the consumption function, which is a formula where total consumption expenditures (C) of a household consist of autonomous consumption (C a) and income (Y) (or disposable income (Y d)) multiplied by marginal propensity to consume (c 1 or MPC).
Friedman was also known for his work on the consumption function, the Permanent Income Hypothesis (1957), which Friedman referred to as his best scientific work. [127] This work contended that rational consumers would spend a proportional amount of what they perceived to be their permanent income. Windfall gains would mostly be saved.
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