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Wadding is a disc of material used in guns to seal gas behind a projectile (a bullet or ball), or to separate the propellant from loosely packed shots. [1] Wadding can be crucial to a gun's efficiency, since any gas that leaks past a projectile as it is being fired is wasted.
Black powder produces gas at a predictable rate unaffected by pressure, while the gas production rate of smokeless powder increases with increasing pressure. [6] The possibility of runaway pressures caused smokeless powder to destroy many firearms designed for black powder and required much more precise measurement of propellant charges.
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Black powder cartridge refers to firearms ammunition from the period after the introduction of metallic cartridge, but prior to the wide adoption of smokeless powder.These cartridges (frequently but not always single-shot) had adopted the new technology of complete cartridges including a brass casing which held the powder charge, bullet, and primer.
They were quicker and easier to load than percussion weapons with loose black powder, percussion caps and bullet; and they were also much more likely to fire reliably when wet. Pinfire cartridges were available in a large number of sizes for various types of weapon.
The .450/400 2 3 ⁄ 8 inch Black Powder Express was loaded with a bullets from 210 to 270 grains (14 to 17 g) driven by 79 to 84 grains (5.1 to 5.4 g) of black powder. The .450/400 2 3 ⁄ 8 inch Nitro for Black was loaded with a jacketed 270 grain round nose bullet driven by 38 grains (2.5 g) of cordite.
The .577 BPE originated around 1870 with the 2 1 ⁄ 2-inch variant. [1]The 3-inch cartridge has survived to the current day as the .577 Nitro for Black, the same cartridge loaded with mild loadings of modern smokeless powder, carefully balanced through trial to replicate the ballistics of the Black powder version.
The .45 BPM can be handloaded using a .460 S&W Magnum brass casing, a standard large pistol primer, from 40 grains black powder with filler as necessary to avoid air gaps on up to 60 grains black powder. A typical bullet would consist of soft lead from 150 to 250 grains in weight with a black powder appropriate lubricant in the groove(s).