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Diagram showing how earthquakes can generate a tsunami. Tsunamis in lakes can be generated by fault displacement beneath or around lake systems. Faulting shifts the ground in a vertical motion through reverse, normal or oblique strike slip faulting processes, this displaces the water above causing a tsunami (Figure 1).
Both surface deformation and faulting and shaking-related geological effects (e.g., soil liquefaction, landslides) not only leave permanent imprints in the environment, but also dramatically affect human structures. Moreover, underwater fault ruptures and seismically triggered landslides can generate tsunami waves.
In contrast to impulse-type tsunami sources, a traveling atmospheric disturbance normally interacts with the ocean over a limited period of time (from several minutes to several hours). [2] Tsunamis and meteotsunamis are otherwise similar enough that it can be difficult to distinguish one from the other, as in cases where there is a tsunami ...
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was a teletsunami.. A teletsunami (also called an ocean-wide tsunami, distant tsunami, distant-source tsunami, far-field tsunami, or trans-ocean tsunami) is a tsunami that originates from a distant source, defined as more than 1,000 km (620 mi) away or three hours' travel from the area of interest, [1] [2] sometimes travelling across an ocean.
The Aleutian Trench, of the southern coast of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, where the North American plate overrides the Pacific plate, has generated many major earthquakes throughout history, several of which generated Pacific-wide tsunamis, [22] including the 1964 Alaska earthquake; at magnitude 9.1–9.2, it remains the largest recorded ...
A tsunami can occur in any tidal state and even at low tide can still inundate coastal areas. On April 1, 1946, the 8.6 M w Aleutian Islands earthquake occurred with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). It generated a tsunami which inundated Hilo on the island of Hawaii with a 14-metre high (46 ft) surge. Between 165 and 173 were killed.
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami at Ao Nang, Krabi Province, Thailand. A tsunami (/(t) s uː ˈ n ɑː m i, (t) s ʊ ˈ-/ (t)soo-NAH-mee, (t)suu-; from Japanese: 津波, lit. 'harbour wave', pronounced) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.
Ice shoves can be caused by temperature fluctuations, wind action, or changing water levels [3] and can cause devastation to coastal Arctic communities. Cyclical climate change will also play a role in the formation and frequency of ice shove events; a rise in global temperatures leads to more open water to facilitate ice movement.