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The default username and password are usually found in the instruction manual (common for all devices) or on the device itself. [citation needed] Default passwords are one of the major contributing factors to large-scale compromises of home routers. [1] Leaving such a password on devices available to the public is a major security risk.
The Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol (LEAP) method was developed by Cisco Systems prior to the IEEE ratification of the 802.11i security standard. [3] Cisco distributed the protocol through the CCX (Cisco Certified Extensions) as part of getting 802.1X and dynamic WEP adoption into the industry in the absence of a standard.
The RADIUS protocol transmits obfuscated passwords using a shared secret and the MD5 hashing algorithm. As this particular implementation provides only weak protection of the user's credentials, [ 11 ] additional protection, such as IPsec tunnels or physically secured data-center networks, should be used to further protect the RADIUS traffic ...
The host broadcasts a request containing the node's IP address, and the node with that IP address replies with its MAC address. ARP has been implemented with many combinations of network and data link layer technologies, such as IPv4 , Chaosnet , DECnet and Xerox PARC Universal Packet (PUP) using IEEE 802 standards, FDDI , X.25 , Frame Relay ...
TACACS is defined in RFC 1492, and uses (either TCP or UDP) port 49 by default. TACACS allows a client to accept a username and password and send a query to a TACACS authentication server, sometimes called a TACACS daemon. It determines whether to accept or deny the authentication request and sends a response back.
The network host IP interface binds the gateway address to the MAC address of the physical gateway by broadcasting IP datagrams and caching the MAC address of the reply from the gateway in an ARP table stored on the host. The gateway address may be added manually. On Windows computers, the gateway address is configured using the TCP/IP Properties.
The common default configuration for community strings are "public" for read-only access and "private" for read-write. [8]: 1874 Because of the well-known defaults, SNMP topped the list of the SANS Institute's Common Default Configuration Issues and was number ten on the SANS Top 10 Most Critical Internet Security Threats for the year 2000. [30]
The firewall maintains an access-control list which dictates what packets will be looked at and what action should be applied, if any, with the default action set to silent discard. Three basic actions regarding the packet consist of a silent discard, discard with Internet Control Message Protocol or TCP reset response to the sender, and ...