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Shone’s syndrome is a rare disorder that is often detected in very young children. The children tend to show symptoms like fatigue, nocturnal cough, and reduced cardiac output by the age of two years. They also develop wheezing due to the exudation of fluid into the lungs. [1]
This is the most common surgery done to correct dextro-TGA, and is considered the definitive treatment. The atrial switch operation is an alternative surgical option when the arterial switch is not feasible due to the particular coronary artery anatomy. This operation creates a tunnel (baffle) between the heart's two upper chambers (atria). [2]
Some defects do not need treatment. [7] Others may be effectively treated with catheter based procedures or heart surgery. [6] Occasionally a number of operations may be needed, [6] or a heart transplant may be required. [6] With appropriate treatment, outcomes are generally good, even with complex problems. [7]
The following is a list of genetic disorders and if known, type of mutation and for the chromosome involved. Although the parlance "disease-causing gene" is common, it is the occurrence of an abnormality in the parents that causes the impairment to develop within the child.
The VACTERL association (also VATER association, and less accurately VACTERL syndrome) refers to a recognized group of birth defects which tend to co-occur (see below).This pattern is a recognized association, as opposed to a syndrome, because there is no known pathogenetic cause to explain the grouped incidence.
[4] [12] It is the most common complex congenital heart defect, accounting for about 10 percent of cases. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] It was initially described in 1671 by Niels Steensen . [ 1 ] [ 15 ] A further description was published in 1888 by the French physician Étienne-Louis Arthur Fallot , after whom it is named.
It is less severe than total anomalous pulmonary venous connection which is a life-threatening anomaly requiring emergent surgical correction, usually diagnosed in the first few days of life. Partial anomalous venous connection may be diagnosed at any time from birth to old age.
A congenital physical anomaly is an abnormality of the structure of a body part. It may or may not be perceived as a problem condition. It may or may not be perceived as a problem condition. Many, if not most, people have one or more minor physical anomalies if examined carefully.