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At the time of the first official census of Martinique, taken in 1660, there were 5259 inhabitants, 2753 of which were white and already 2644 were black slaves. There were only 17 Indigenous Caribbeans and 25 mulattoes. Twenty years later, in 1682, the number of inhabitants had tripled to 14,190 with a white population that had barely doubled ...
The Middle Passage was the stage of the Atlantic slave trade in which millions of enslaved Africans [1] were forcibly transported to the Americas as part of the triangular slave trade. Ships departed Europe for African markets with manufactured goods (first side of the triangle), which were then traded for slaves with rulers of African states ...
Three of the Blacks' leaders had already been captured during the passage of the Act [18] although one later escaped, and a series of government raids captured a total of 32 Blacks who were tried after the Act's passage in Reading. Four were sentenced to death for the killing of the gamekeeper's son, and were executed on 15 June 1723. [28]
Punishment and killing of slaves: Slave codes regulated how slaves could be punished, usually going so far as to apply no penalty for accidentally killing a slave while punishing them. [9] Later laws began to apply restrictions on this, but slave-owners were still rarely punished for killing their slaves. [ 10 ]
Black men accused of rape during the colonial period were often punished with castration, and the penalty was increased to death during the antebellum period; [46] however, white men could legally rape their female slaves. [46] Men and boys were also sexually abused by slaveholders, [47] which included forcing them to impregnate female slaves. [48]
[19] The Henry Ford in Dearborn, Michigan holds a hooked collar used on slaves; "Slaves known for running away might have had to wear an iron collar like this, for punishment or to prevent them from running away again. The hooks caught on bushes or tree limbs, causing a violent jerking to the individual's head and neck."
Image credits: National Geographic #5. The 'Spanish Flu' actually likely got its start in Kansas, USA. It's only called the Spanish Flu because most countries involved in WWI had a near-universal ...
His essay entitled, "The Method of Procuring Slaves on the Coast of Africa; with an account of their sufferings on the voyage, and cruel treatment in the West Indies", describes the iron bit as having "a flat iron which goes into the mouth, and so effectually keeps down the tongue, that nothing can be swallowed, not even the saliva, a passage ...