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When tube equipment was common, retailers such as drug stores had vacuum tube testers, and sold replacement tubes. Some Nixie tubes were also designed to use sockets. Throughout the tube era, as technology developed, sometimes differently in different parts of the world, many tube bases and sockets came into use.
Continuously transmitting tubes: Maximum anode dissipation in W or kW in Class-C amplifier telegraphy; Pulsed transmitting tubes: Maximum peak anode current in A (number preceded by "P") Rectifiers: Maximum average anode current in mA; Thyratrons: Maximum average anode current: Less than 3 digits: in mA; 3 or more digits: 1st digit: =0 – in mA
These tubes have very similar characteristics to the 6V6, but differ either in the heater rating, or use a different socket and pin-out 5V6GT - Same as the 6V6GT, but with different heater ratings - 4.7V, 0.6A, controlled 11 sec. warm-up time.
A few amplifier tubes used two top caps, symmetrically placed, one for anode and the other for grid. 866 mercury rectifier with anode top cap In audio amplifier tube application, the top cap was originally used for the grid connection, and a serviceman could apply a moist finger to the terminal to confirm that the stage and subsequent circuits ...
Later thermionic vacuum tubes, mostly miniature style, some with top cap connections for higher voltages. A vacuum tube, electron tube, [1] [2] [3] valve (British usage), or tube (North America) [4] is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric potential difference has been applied.
6P1P tube manufactured by Svetlana, USSR (winged "C" logo), 1971 A comparison of Svetlana 6P1P (left), 6P1P-EV and Beijing Electron Tube Factory 6P1 (right) The 6P1P (Russian: 6П1П) is a Soviet-made miniature 9-pin beam tetrode vacuum tube with ratings similar to the 6AQ5, EL90 and the 6V6. Because of a different pinout (a 9-pin base versus 7 ...
Wherever possible, the 12V equivalent of a 6V tube had the same letters, just 12 instead of 6. L as a first letter often indicates a lock-in (Loktal) tube. P as a second letter from the end indicates a CRT. S as a first letter indicates single-ended tubes, related to grid-cap tubes. S as a second letter indicates single-ended tubes.
In the 1950s a 5-element system (GOST 5461-59, later 13393-76) was adopted in the (then) Soviet Union for designating receiver vacuum tubes.[4]The 1st element (from left to right) is (for receiving tubes) a number specifying filament voltage in volts (rounded to the nearest whole number).