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This is sometimes called the reverse water–gas shift reaction. [20] Water gas is defined as a fuel gas consisting mainly of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2). The term 'shift' in water–gas shift means changing the water gas composition (CO:H 2) ratio. The ratio can be increased by adding CO 2 or reduced by adding steam to the reactor.
The water gas shift reaction is the reaction between carbon monoxide and steam to form hydrogen and carbon dioxide: CO + H 2 O ⇌ CO 2 + H 2. This reaction was discovered by Felice Fontana and nowadays is adopted in a wide range of industrial applications, such as in the production process of ammonia, hydrocarbons, methanol, hydrogen and other chemicals.
Water gas is a kind of fuel gas, ... For example, James Lind recognized ... The process used the water-gas shift reaction: CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2.
Typically the resulting steam is mixed into the gas flow and may be involved with subsequent chemical reactions, notably the water-gas reaction if the temperature is sufficiently high (see step #5). The pyrolysis (or devolatilization) process occurs at around 200–300 °C.
The H 2:CO ratio is adjusted using the water-gas shift reaction. Coal-based FT plants produce varying amounts of CO 2, depending upon the energy source of the gasification process. However, most coal-based plants rely on the feed coal to supply all the energy requirements of the process.
The reaction can be carried out over a copper-based catalyst, but the reaction mechanism is dependent on the catalyst. For a copper-based catalyst two different reaction mechanisms have been proposed, a decomposition-water-gas shift sequence and a mechanism that proceeds via methanol dehydrogenation to methyl formate.
In the case of water electrolysis, Gibbs free energy represents the minimum work necessary for the reaction to proceed, and the reaction enthalpy is the amount of energy (both work and heat) that has to be provided so the reaction products are at the same temperature as the reactant (i.e. standard temperature for the values given above ...
2C (s) + O 2 → 2 CO (exothermic producer gas reaction) C (s) + H 2 O (g) → CO + H 2 (endothermic water gas reaction) C + 2 H 2 O → CO 2 + 2 H 2 (endothermic) CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2 (exothermic water gas shift reaction) The problem of nitrogen dilution was overcome by the blue water gas (BWG) process, developed in the 1850s by Sir ...