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Exclusive or, exclusive disjunction, exclusive alternation, logical non-equivalence, or logical inequality is a logical operator whose negation is the logical biconditional. With two inputs, XOR is true if and only if the inputs differ (one is true, one is false). With multiple inputs, XOR is true if and only if the number of true inputs is odd ...
Venn diagram for "A or B", with inclusive or (OR) Venn diagram for "A or B", with exclusive or (XOR) The fallacy lies in concluding that one disjunct must be false because the other disjunct is true; in fact they may both be true because "or" is defined inclusively rather than exclusively. It is a fallacy of equivocation between the operations ...
Because the logical or means a disjunction formula is true when either one or both of its parts are true, it is referred to as an inclusive disjunction. This is in contrast with an exclusive disjunction, which is true when one or the other of the arguments are true, but not both (referred to as exclusive or, or XOR).
inclusive disjunction A logical operation that returns true if at least one of its operands is true; corresponds to the logical OR. inclusive first-order logic A variant of first-order logic that allows for empty domains, in contrast to the standard requirement that domains contain at least one object. inclusive or
In logic, two propositions and are mutually exclusive if it is not logically possible for them to be true at the same time; that is, () is a tautology. To say that more than two propositions are mutually exclusive, depending on the context, means either 1. "() () is a tautology" (it is not logically possible for more than one proposition to be true) or 2. "() is a tautology" (it is not ...
Logical equality is an operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of true if and only if both operands are false or both operands are true. The truth table of p EQ q (also written as p = q , p ↔ q , Epq , p ≡ q , or p == q ) is as follows:
It is sometimes called the inclusive OR gate to distinguish it from XOR, the exclusive OR gate. [4] The behavior of OR is the same as XOR except in the case of a 1 for both inputs. In situations where this never arises (for example, in a full-adder ) the two types of gates are interchangeable.
Inclusive fitness is a conceptual framework in evolutionary biology first defined by W. D. Hamilton in 1964. [1] It is primarily used to aid the understanding of how social traits are expected to evolve in structured populations . [ 2 ]