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The version of nl bundled in GNU coreutils was written by Scott Bartram and David MacKenzie. [ 3 ] The command is available as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities.
A packet generator or packet builder is a type of software that generates random packets or allows the user to construct detailed custom packets. Depending on the network medium and operating system, packet generators utilize raw sockets , NDIS function calls, or direct access to the network adapter kernel-mode driver .
On Linux and all Unix-like operating systems, the utilities ifconfig and the newer ip (from the iproute2-bundle) are used to configure IEEE 802.3 and IEEE 802.11 hardware. . These utilities configure the kernel directly and the configuration is applied immedia
Unix Network Programming is a book written by W. Richard Stevens. [1] It was published in 1990 by Prentice Hall and covers many topics regarding UNIX networking and Computer network programming . The book focuses on the design and development of network software under UNIX.
Network programming traditionally covers different layers of OSI/ISO model (most of application-level programming belongs to L4 and up). The table below contains some examples of popular protocols belonging to different OSI/ISO layers, and popular APIs for them.
.nl, the Internet country code top-level domain for the Netherlands; NL (complexity), a computational complexity class; nl (format), a file format for presenting mathematical programming problems; nl (Unix), a Unix utility for numbering lines; Newline, a special character in computing signifying the end of a line of text
The AOL.com video experience serves up the best video content from AOL and around the web, curating informative and entertaining snackable videos.
During the rise of the internet many routing decisions were made at layer 4 i.e. based on the TCP/IP address and/or the port number. Application-oriented networks work at layer 7 of the OSI stack and because they can examine the content of the message they can make routing decisions based on many different criteria including such things as the value of the purchase order or the ship date.