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  2. Citadel of Aleppo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel_of_Aleppo

    The Citadel of Aleppo (Arabic: قلعة حلب, romanized: Qalʿat Ḥalab) is a large medieval fortified palace in the centre of the old city of Aleppo, northern Syria. It is considered to be one of the oldest and largest castles in the world. Usage of the Citadel hill dates back at least to the middle of the 3rd millennium BC.

  3. Citadel of Erbil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel_of_Erbil

    The Erbil Citadel (Kurdish: قەڵای هەولێر Qelay Hewlêr, Arabic: قلعة اربيل, romanized: Qal'at Erbīl) locally called Qellat, is a tell or occupied mound, and the historical city centre of Erbil in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. [1] The citadel has been included in the World Heritage List since 21 June 2014.

  4. Tower of David - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_David

    The name Tower of David was first used for the Herodian tower in the 5th century CE by the Byzantine Christians, who believed the site to be the palace of King David. [3] [1] They borrowed the name Tower of David from the Song of Songs, attributed to Solomon, King David's son, who wrote: "Thy neck is like the tower of David builded for an armoury, whereon there hang a thousand bucklers, all ...

  5. Citadel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel

    Some of the oldest known structures which have served as citadels were built by the Indus Valley civilisation, where citadels represented a centralised authority. Citadels in Indus Valley were almost 12 meters tall. [2] The purpose of these structures, however, remains debated.

  6. List of oldest extant buildings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oldest_extant...

    Oldest standing structure in Ethiopia Barnenez: France: Europe: 4850 BCE Passage grave Located in northern Finistère and partially restored. The structure is 72 m long, 25 m wide and over 8 m high. [6] [7] The oldest known building in Eurasia. Porta Nigra: Germany: Europe: 180 CE Roman city gate It is today the largest Roman city gate north of ...

  7. Naryn-Kala - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naryn-Kala

    Naryn-Kala citadel occupies the top of the hill closest to the Caspian Sea. The path along the coast was blocked by two parallel fortress walls (the Derbent wall), adjoining the citadel in the west, and leaving the sea at the eastern end, preventing the fortress from being bypassed in shallow water and forming a harbor for ships. [4]

  8. Kazan Kremlin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan_Kremlin

    The Kazan Kremlin (Russian: Казанский кремль, romanized: Kazanskiy kreml; Tatar: Казан кирмәне) is the chief historic citadel of Russia, situated in the city of Kazan. [2] It was built at the behest of Ivan the Terrible on the ruins of the former castle of Kazan khans. It was declared a World Heritage Site in 2000.

  9. Amman Citadel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman_Citadel

    [3] [4] [5] Despite this gap, the Citadel of Amman is considered to be among the world's oldest continuously inhabited places. [6] Most of the structures still visible at the site are from the Roman, Byzantine, and Umayyad periods. [7] The major remains at the site are the Temple of Hercules, a Byzantine church, and the Umayyad Palace.