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Aside from polynomial functions, tensors that act as functions of several vectors can be symmetric, and in fact the space of symmetric -tensors on a vector space is isomorphic to the space of homogeneous polynomials of degree on . Symmetric functions should not be confused with even and odd functions, which have a different sort of symmetry.
A Line symmetry of a system of differential equations is a continuous symmetry of the system of differential equations. Knowledge of a Line symmetry can be used to simplify an ordinary differential equation through reduction of order. [8] For ordinary differential equations, knowledge of an appropriate set of Lie symmetries allows one to ...
An example of a somewhat different flavor is ∏ 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n ( X i − X j ) 2 {\displaystyle \prod _{1\leq i<j\leq n}(X_{i}-X_{j})^{2}} where first a polynomial is constructed that changes sign under every exchange of variables, and taking the square renders it completely symmetric (if the variables represent the roots of a monic ...
Therefore, the symmetric algebra over V can be viewed as a "coordinate free" polynomial ring over V. The symmetric algebra S(V) can be built as the quotient of the tensor algebra T(V) by the two-sided ideal generated by the elements of the form x ⊗ y − y ⊗ x.
The characteristic polynomial of a square matrix is an example of application of Vieta's formulas. The roots of this polynomial are the eigenvalues of the matrix . When we substitute these eigenvalues into the elementary symmetric polynomials, we obtain – up to their sign – the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial, which are ...
In this book, however, Cardano did not provide a "general formula" for the solution of a cubic equation, as he had neither complex numbers at his disposal, nor the algebraic notation to be able to describe a general cubic equation. With the benefit of modern notation and complex numbers, the formulae in this book do work in the general case ...
Burnside's lemma can compute the number of rotationally distinct colourings of the faces of a cube using three colours.. Let X be the set of 3 6 possible face color combinations that can be applied to a fixed cube, and let the rotation group G of the cube act on X by moving the colored faces: two colorings in X belong to the same orbit precisely when one is a rotation of the other.
The symmetry may be broken if the function fails to have differentiable partial derivatives, which is possible if Clairaut's theorem is not satisfied (the second partial derivatives are not continuous). The function f(x, y), as shown in equation , does not have symmetric second derivatives at its origin.
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