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Two inline skate wheels with different durometer – 85A and 83A Digital Shore hardness tester. The Shore durometer is a device for measuring the hardness of a material, typically of polymers. [1] Higher numbers on the scale indicate a greater resistance to indentation and thus harder materials. Lower numbers indicate less resistance and softer ...
The main disadvantage of forged wheels is the high manufacturing cost. Owing to the typically high costs of finished wheels, forged wheels are still rarely purchased by non-professional drivers for regular road use. But since forged wheels can be designed to be lighter than cast wheels for a given load, forged wheels do offer fuel economy and ...
The Rockwell hardness test is a hardness test based on indentation hardness of a material. The Rockwell test measures the depth of penetration of an indenter under a large load (major load) compared to the penetration made by a preload (minor load). [ 1 ]
True-forged wheels are up to 30% lighter than regular/standard OEM cast wheels. An additional 20% in weight can be saved by upgrading to forged magnesium wheels, such as those employed by F1 and MotoGP teams. [11] Three companies are known to produce true-forged magnesium wheels: BBS Japan [12] Tan-ei-sya (TWS) [13] SMW Wheels [14]
There are two types of forged wheels: one piece and modular. Modular forged wheels may feature two- or three-piece design. Typical multi-piece wheels consist of the inner rim base, outer rim lip and wheel center piece with openings for lug nuts. All parts of a modular wheel are held with bolts. BBS RS is one of the most famous three-piece ...
If HV is first expressed in N/mm 2 (MPa), or otherwise by converting from kgf/mm 2, then the tensile strength (in MPa) of the material can be approximated as σ u ≈ HV/ c, where c is a constant determined by yield strength, Poisson's ratio, work-hardening exponent and geometrical factors – usually ranging between 2 and 4. [9]
BBS continues to produce one-, two-, and three-piece forged wheels out of aluminum and magnesium alloys, as well as high performance flow-formed wheels and low-pressure cast wheels. [20] BBS also actively uses specialized quality and weight optimization methods, such as CNC back-milled spokes , x-ray inspection , FEM analysis, flow-forming ...
When testing coatings, scratch hardness refers to the force necessary to cut through the film to the substrate. The most common test is Mohs scale, which is used in mineralogy. One tool to make this measurement is the sclerometer. Another tool used to make these tests is the pocket hardness tester. This tool consists of a scale arm with ...