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Trotskyism (Russian: Троцкизм, Trotskizm) is the political ideology and branch of Marxism developed by Russian revolutionary and intellectual [1] [2] Leon Trotsky along with some other members of the Left Opposition and the Fourth International.
Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Russian revolutionary and intellectual [65] [66] Leon Trotsky. Trotsky had been the leader of the Red Army, [67] honorary president of the Third International [68] and Lenin had proposed he serve as Vice-chairman to preside over economic management.
Self-identified communists hold a variety of views, including libertarian communism (anarcho-communism and council communism), Marxist communism (left communism, libertarian Marxism, Maoism, Leninism, Marxism–Leninism, and Trotskyism), non-Marxist communism, and religious communism (Christian communism, Islamic communism and Jewish communism).
Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin were widely considered the two most prominent Soviet figures from 1917 until Lenin's death in 1924. Ideologically a Marxist and a Leninist, Trotsky's ideas inspired a school of Marxism known as Trotskyism.
Trotsky became the target of Stalin's vengeance only so far as he drew the attention of the communists throughout the world to the betrayal of world revolution (Permanent Revolution) by Stalin". Tagore also argued that the theory of permanent revolution has nothing to do with Trotskyism, but it is pure Marxism and Leninism.
Early currents of libertarian Marxism, known as left communism, [47] emerged in opposition to Marxism–Leninism [48] and its derivatives, such as Stalinism, Maoism and Trotskyism. [49] Libertarian Marxism is also critical of reformist positions, such as those held by social democrats. [50]
In Defence of Marxism is a posthumous collection of philosophical texts written by Russian revolutionary, Leon Trotsky, between 1939-40. [1] In a series of polemical articles, Trotsky examines issues related to the class nature of the Soviet state, the philosophy of dialectical materialism and party factions in the American Socialist Workers Party.
[2] [3] However, he would later change this position in December 1924 during the succession struggle against Trotsky and the Left Opposition. [4] The theory was criticized by Trotsky and Grigory Zinoviev as antithetical to Marxist principles while the theoretical framework was supported by Nikolai Bukharin. [5]