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Nitrogen generator using PSA. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a technique used to separate some gas species from a mixture of gases (typically air) under pressure according to the species' molecular characteristics and affinity for an adsorbent material.
High nitrogen purity: PSA nitrogen generator plants allow production of high-purity nitrogen from air, which membrane systems are unable to provide – up to 99.9995% nitrogen. But in most cases they do not produce more than 98.8% nitrogen with the remainder being argon that is not separated from the nitrogen by the usual PSA process.
This type of adsorption system is therefore functionally a nitrogen scrubber, allowing the other atmospheric gases to pass through, leaving oxygen as the primary gas remaining. PSA technology is a reliable and economical technique for small to mid-scale oxygen generation. Cryogenic separation is more suitable at higher volumes. [2]
A nitrogen generator Bottle of 4Å molecular sieves. Pressure swing adsorption provides separation of oxygen or nitrogen from air without liquefaction. The process operates around ambient temperature; a zeolite (molecular sponge) is exposed to high pressure air, then the air is released and an adsorbed film of the desired gas is released.
Oxygen concentrator – Device that removes nitrogen from air; Nitrogen generator; Industrial gas – Gaseous materials produced for use in industry; Air separation – Chemical process; Natural-gas processing – Industrial processes designed to purify raw natural gas
Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) incorporates a molecular sieve for gas separation. In the case of oxygen generation a zeolite-based sieve forces preferential adsorption for nitrogen. [citation needed] Clean, dry air is passed through the sieve beds on the oxygen generator, producing an oxygen-enriched gas.
Air with low oxygen concentration is produced by hypoxic air generators, also known as air splitting units. There are three different types of hypoxic air generators: membrane-based, PSA-based, and VSA-based. VSA-based hypoxic air generators usually have a lower energy consumption compared to PSA-based and membrane-based generators.
Today, there exist three methods of arranging the adsorption-based air separation process with the use of swing technologies: pressure (PSA), vacuum (VSA) and mixed (VPSA) ones. In the pressure swing adsorption flow processes, oxygen is recovered under above-atmospheric pressure and regeneration is achieved under atmospheric pressure .
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